CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS AS PER NBC

According to the National Building Code of India – NBC [SP: 7-2005), buildings are classified based on occupancy as follows :

1.      Residential Buildings :

These are the buildings in which sleeping accommodation is provided for normal residential purposes with or without cooking or dining or both facilities.

It includes,

• Private dwelling houses
•  apartment houses (flats)
•  bungalows
•  School and college dormitories
• Hostels
•  Hotels
• Military barracks, etc

2. Educational Buildings

school

These hall include any building used for school, college or day-carepurposes involving assembly for instruction, education or recreation

3. Institutional Buildings

These shall include any building or part thereof which is used for purposes such as medical or other treatment or care of persons suffering from physical or mental illness or disease, care of infants, convalescents of aged persons and for penal or correctional detention in which the liberty of the inmates is re- stricted. Institutional buildings ordinarily provide sleeping accommodation for the occupants.

hospital

It includes.

•  Hospitals
• Nursing homes
• Sanatoria
•  Mental Hospitals
•  Jails, Prisons
• Orphanges, etc.

4. Assembly Buildings:

These shall include any building or part thereof where a group of people gather for recreation, amuse- ment, social, religious, political, civil, travel and similar purposes.

Assembly Buildings

For example,

• Theatres
• Cinema halls
• Assembly halls
• Exhibition halls
• Auditoriums
• Gymnasiums
• Skating rings
• Marriage halls
• Museums
• Places of worship Club rooms
• Dance halls
• Railway stations
• Bus stations
• Airports etc.

5. Business Buildings:

These shall include any building or part of a building which is used fortransaction of business, for the keeping of accounts and records for similar purposes.
The principal function of these buildings is transaction of public business and the keeping of books and records.

town hall

For example,

•  Court houses
•  City halls
• Town halls
•  Libraries
• Officies
•  Banks, etc.

6. Mercantile Buildings :

Shop

These shall include any building or a part of a building which is used as shops, stores, market, for display and sale of merchandise, either wholesale or retail.

7.Industrial Buildings:
 
These shall include any building or part of a building or structure in which products or materials of all kinds and properties are fabricated, assembled or processed.

power plant

For example,

• Assembly plants
• Power plants
•  Refineries Mills
• Gas plants
• Industries, etc.
• Dairies

8. Storage Buildings:

These shall include any building or part of a building primarily used for the storage or sheltering of goods, wares or merchandise.

Ware house

For example,

• Warehouses
• Transit sheds
•  Freight depots
• Garages
• Hangers
• Grain elevators
• Stables etc.

9. Hazardous Buildings

These shall include any building or part of a building which is used for the storage, handling, manufacture or processing of highly combustible explosive materials or products which are liable to burn with extreme rapidity or which may produce poisonous fumes or explosions.

Hazardous Buildings

These shall also include buildings used for storage, handling, manufacturing or processing which In- valve highly corrosive, toxic or noxious alkalies, acids or other liquids or chemicals producing flame, fumes and explosive etc.

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Various Components Of A Building 

various component of building

Broadly speaking, a building basically consists of three parts, namely

Lets discuss in detail.

Various Components Of Building

1.      Foundation

 It is the lowest part of a structure below the ground level which is in direct contact with the ground and transmits all the loads to the ground.

Depending upon the type of soil existing at site, its safe bearing capacity and the type of building which is required to be constructed, a structure may need shallow or deep foundations.

Foundation ( PCC , foundation masonary )

2.      Sub-structure (plinth)

 The portion of the building between ground surrounding the building and the top of the floor immediately above the ground is known as plinth.
The level of the surrounding ground is known as ground level and the level of the ground floor of the building is known as plinth level.

Sub Structure (Tile Flooring  , Concrete Flooring , Earth Filling)

The plinth height should be such that after proper levelling and grading the ground adjoining the building (for proper drainage) there is no possibility of the rain water entering the ground floor.

The height of the plinth should be not less than 45 cm from the surrounding ground level.

The following parts are covered in the plinth,

    3. Super Structure :

 It is that part of the structure which is constructed above the plinth level.

Important parts of super structure are shown in Figure  and described below.

(1)Walls 

Walls

Load bearing walls transfer the load of superstructure to the plinth.

Walls are provided to enclose or divide the floor space in desired pattern. In addition, walls provide privacy, security and provide protection against sun, rain, cold, etc.

 (2) Floors :

 Floors are flat supporting elements of a building. The basic purpose of a floor is to provide a firm and dry platform for people and other items like furniture, stores, equipment etc.

The purpose of providing different floors is to divide the building in to different levels for creating more accommodation within the limited space.

 (3) Columns :

A column may be defined as an isolated vertical load bearing member. Columns transfers load from beams to the foundation.

(4) Roof :

It is the uppermost component of a building and its main function is to cover the space below and protect it from rain, snow, sun, wind etc.

A roof can be either flat, pitched or curved in shape.

(5) Doors :

The main function of doors in a building is to serve as a connecting link between internal parts and also to allow the free movement into and outside the building.

Door ,  Window , Lintel

(6) Windows :

Windows are generally provided for the proper ventilation and lighting of a building.

As per I.S., minimum windows opening should be 10% of the floor area.

(7) Stair :

A stair is a structure consisting of number of steps leading from one floor to another floor.

The main function of stairs is two fold : firstly, to provide means of communication between the various floors and secondly that of escape from upper floors in the event of fire.

(8) Window sills :

Window sills are provided between the bottom of window frame and wall below, to protect the top of wall from wear and tear.

window sill below window

(9) Lintel :

The actual frame of a door or window is not strong enough to support the weight of the wall above the opening. Hence, a separate structural clement is provided over the door/windows opening. This is known as lintel, and is similar in character to a beam.

 (10) Beam :

 A structural member which carrier lateral or transverse forces is termed as beam. Beam  transfer loads from slab to the columns or walls.

(11) Chajja or whether shades :

Chajja or whether shades are generally combined with lintels of windows to protect them from sun, rain, frost etc.

 (12) Parapet wall : Parapet wall is constructed on the periphery of the roof slab to protect people from falling down the building.

Parapet wall

 (13) Coping

Coping is provided on the top of parapet wall. It prevents entry of rainwater / moisture from top of wall and improves asthetic of a building.

Coping

(14) Building Finishes :

Building finishes are used to give protective covering to various building components and at the same time, they provide decorative effects. Building finishes consists of the following items:

finishing of building

1. Plastering
2.  Painting
3.  Pointing
4.  Varnishing and Polishing
5.  Distempering
6. White washing 
7. Colouring

(15) Building Services:

Building services include services like

1. Water supply 
2. Drainage
3. Sanitation
4. Lighting
5. Acoustics
6. Electricity
7. Air conditioning
8. Ventilation
9. Anti-termite treatment, etc.
10. Fire detection and Fire control

water suppy system

The services like water supply, drainage and sanitation normally clubbed under the term ‘plumbing services.

 From consideration of safety of the users, the planning, designing and detailing of all services also based on norms prescribed by should be done based on provisions in the National Building Code and also based on norms prescribed by various statutory municipal bodies.

]]> https://engineeringbrother.com/15-basic-components-of-a-building-you-must-know.html/feed 0 551 https://engineeringbrother.com/spread-sheet-of-plaster-quantity-cost-estimation.html https://engineeringbrother.com/spread-sheet-of-plaster-quantity-cost-estimation.html#respond Fri, 24 Apr 2020 05:11:00 +0000 https://engineeringbrother.com/spread-sheet-of-plaster-quantity-cost-estimation/ Continue Reading....Spread Sheet of Plaster Quantity & Cost Estimation

Spread Sheet of Plaster Quantity & Cost Estimation

hello guys before downloading spread sheet of Plaster Quantity & cost Estimation read following helpful information.

Here i have provided download link of Plaster quantity spread sheet. you can download it from below link.

HOW TO USE SPREAD SHEET ?

INPUT DATA

you have to put following data .

1. Ratio of cement mortar
2. Area of Plaster work 
3. Thickness of Plaster work
4. Rate of cement
5. Rate of sand

OUTPUT DATA

after putting input data you will get  following output data

1. material cost of Plaster work
2. quantity of cement
3. quantity of sand

(ONE TAP DOWNLOAD LINK OF SPREAD SHEET)

I Hope You Like Our Spread sheet on “Spread Sheet of PlasterQuantity & Cost Estimation“  Don’t be Cheap To Share This  with your Friends.

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HOW TO USE SPREAD SHEET ?

1. Ratio of cement mortar
2. quantity of brick masonry 
3. Rate of cement
4. Rate of sand

1. material cost of brick masonry
2. quantity of cement
3. quantity of sand
4. quantity of brick

What Is Demolition Plan ?  And How Demolition Is Carried Out Of Building Using Demolition Plan ?

Before that lets see what is Demolition ?

 

demolition of building

 What is Demolition Plan ?

 Demolition plan should include following things

1. A plan showing the location of a building to be demolished.
2. Building height, structural system.
3. Extent of damage to the building. 
4. Existing structures and facilities in the vicinity.
5. Layout plan
6. Proposed method of demolition.
7. Proposed shoring and precautionary measures for adjacent buildings.
8. Safety measures to be taken
9. Proposed sequence of demolition steps.
10. Details of equipment’s used.
11. A plan for handling and disposal of debris.
12. Proposed arrangements for site supervision.

What is Demolition survey ?

1. Drawing records
2. Hazardous materials
3. Material survey
4. Surrounding buildings
5. Type of building
6. Photographs of a building to be demolished
7. Building height, distance from nearby buildings

1. Drawing records
2. Behaviour of structure
3. Special structure
4. Degree of deterioration
5. Structural support system

Factors affecting in drawing Demolition plan

How Demolition Is Carried Out Of Building Using Demolition Plan ?

location of demolition building

safety barier for demolition of building

Before soft strip

After soft strip

Exlusion area or zone

Blocking of roads

Demolition of frist building

Demolition of second building

Cleaning of Site

]]> https://engineeringbrother.com/what-is-demolition-plan-and-how-demolition-is-carried-out-of-building-using-demolition-plan.html/feed 0 557 https://engineeringbrother.com/which-type-of-foundation-used-in-residental-building.html https://engineeringbrother.com/which-type-of-foundation-used-in-residental-building.html#respond Fri, 03 Apr 2020 06:02:00 +0000 https://engineeringbrother.com/which-type-of-foundation-used-in-residental-building/ Continue Reading....which type of foundation used in residental building ?

   Which type of foundation used in residential building ?

Hello guys today we will discuss which type of foundation we will used in construction of resident building and which will more economical and durable. We learnt various type of foundation but  we have to  use that foundation which will safe and economical.

As we know we mostly  cant used deep foundation in residential building because it cause too much cost and our structure does not contain that much of loading. But when soil contain expansive nature and too much low bearing capacity than we have to go  with deep foundations.

Lets first see various type of shallow foundations according uses

In Load bearing residential building 

In load bearing structure we generally use strip footing as a foundation.

Strip footing is the simplest footing in shallow foundation in this footing masonary wall laid on plain cement concrete or brick bat cement concrete.

Strip Footing

This type of shallow footing only used in load bearing residential building where numbers of stories are less.

In frame structures residential building

In frame structure we go for following footing.

1.      Spread or isolated footing

2.      Combined footing

3.   Strap or cantilever footing

4.      Mat or raft Foundation

1.Spread or isolated footing

Spreadfooting consists wide base below column. This type of foundation widely used in construction of residential building. 

There are two type of spread footing. 

1.pad footing

2.slope footing

1.1.pad footing

In pad footing slope is not provided only rectangular Reinforced cement concrete slab is provided below RCC column.

In this type of footing design and analysis is simple compare to slope footing.

1.2.slope footing

In slope footing slope  is provided at 45 degree with respect to horizontal. The main function of this slope is to avoid punching failure. The design and analysis is time consuming.

2.Combined footing
 

Combinedfooting are provided when ,

1.      Centre to centre distance is  more between column

2.      Very high load

3.      Eccentric loading on column

4.      Property line of building near to building

In combine footing two or more column are join with one slab.

Combine footing has a two type

2.1.Rectangularcombine footing

 

2.2.Trapezoidalcombine footing

Trapezoidal combine footing provided where there is very large difference between loading in column.

3.   Strap or cantilever footing

Strap or cantilever footing

In strap footing RCC beam(strap) is provided to join two or more column with each other. This type of footing are not generally used in residential building because of less loading.

4.Mat or raft foundation

In mat or raft foundation, RCC slab is provided below all column. Whole area is excavated , then RCC slab is provided in entire area and column are place above that slab. This type of foundation is provided where there is heavy loading or bearing capacity is too low.

Mat or raft Foundation

This type of foundation are generally not provided in residential houses, this type of foundation are provided in 3-4 or above four stories complex’s or hotels.

I Hope You Like Our Article which type of foundation used in residental building ? Don’t be Cheap To Share This Article with your Friends.

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