In this article, we will see all heavy equipment used in construction project work.
A list of various plants and equipment which are used in construction life is given below.
Equipment for Excavation
Earthmoving Equipment
Hauling Equipment
Hoisting Equipment
Conveying Equipment
Pumping Equipment
Compacting Equipment
Pile Driving Equipment
Machinery for concrete works
Machineries for bituminous works
Dredging Equipment
Let’s discuss all heavy equipment used in construction work one by one…
1)Equipment for Excavation
Main Equipment used in the excavation is classified as…
1)Power shovel
2)Dragline
3)Clamshell
4)Scoop
5)Trenching Machine
6)Hoe
1)Power Shovel
It used in all types of soil excavation and excavated soil is transported in wagons.
Power Shovel
There are three types of power shovel
1.crawler mounted
2.Truck mounted
3.Wheel-mounted
Boom is made of iron and it’s the main part of the power shovel. One end of the boom is fixed with a cabin and another is free. It also rotated in a circular direction.
Dipper stick is the hinge which boom and at the end of dipper stick dipper is place.
2)Dragline
Dragline
To carried out work below the operating level, Dragline is used.
Dragline is used in moist soil or sandy soil.
It is the modified version of the power shovel in which the length of the boom is increasing.
3)Clamshell
Clamshell
Clamshell is used in loose soil, sand, boulders, aggregate, coal, etc.
Clamshell consists of two shells which jointed it one hinge and tooth are provided below shells. the bucket is freely drop in material and then the bucket is lifted up.
4)Trenching Machine
Trenching Machine
following are the purpose of this heavy equipment used in construction
To dig a pipeline for water, oil, gas, etc.
Ditch the trench for the gutter line.
Dig a train in a waterlogged area.
Dig the telephone, electrical cables to dig.
5)Hoe
Hoe
Hoe is a mechanical device. The Hoe’s teeth are on the driver’s side. The duck has a dock-like plank for digging deeper. It can be mounted on a chain or tire vehicle. It can be rotated up, down, or circle. It is an extremely useful tool for digging deep and narrow ditches.
2) Earthmoving Equipment
Earthmoving Equipment is classified as below.
1.Tractors
2.Bulldozers
3.Graders
4.Scrapers
5.Rippers
1.Tractors
The tractor is powered by a diesel engine that has a maximum capacity of 20 HP to 200 HP.
A tractor is an excellent tool for moving clay. Various attachments to the tractor such as bulldozer pod, front shovel, rip, the tanker can be played.
2 Bulldozers
Bulldozers
A bulldozer is a type of tractor with a blade mounted on the front, with the help of the tractor’s front material can be moved, pressed, cut.
It is an effective and efficient earthmover.
following are the purpose of this heavy equipment used in construction
1. clearing the soil with wood, stones, etc.
2.To create a pilot road in mountainous and rocky terrain.
3.To move the soil for a short distance (up to 300 m).
4.To spread the soil, to dig in the pits, to dig the ditch, to dig in the trench.
5.To repair the clay road.
3.Grader
Grader
The primary function of the grader is to level and finishing the earthwork and the secondary function is to maintenance of earth’s road.
4.Scrapers
Scrapers
A scraper is a machine in which material such as loading, hauling, and dumpling can be performed.
Stepper has loading and hauling, but its performance is lower than a shovel, dragline, belt loaders, etc. Similarly, in terms of hauling, its performance is lower than that of trucks.
But this tool is very useful as joint operations like loading, hauling, dumping can be done.
5.Ripper
Ripper
Reaper’s task is to loosen solid clay or rocks. Preying and blasting takes a lot of time and costs a lot. But this task can cost less and half the cost of the ripper.
following are the purpose of this heavy equipment used in construction
1.Us a more powerful tractor.
2.Reaper’s size and performance have improved.
3.Better tools for determining the rip ability of rock are available.
4.New techniques in the use of tools and machines.
3)Hauling Equipment
Hauling Equipment is classified as below…
1.Trucks
2.Wagons
3.Dumpers
4.Cableways
5.Aerial Tramways
1.Trucks
Trucks
Trucks are used for the transportation of clay, crust, stones, minerals, coal, etc. They are actually Freight equipment, with speed being more convenient for transporting to distant places.
2.Wagons
Wagons
The wagon usually picks up the material and places it in the middle so call it bottom dump wagons. it doesn’t take more time to dump the material.
3.Dumpers
Dumpers
Dumpers are trucks with special air-filled tires, capable of running very fast, with tricky chassis and strong bodies. Material can be dump to the front or back.
4.Cableway
Cableway
Cableways are used for long-distance. The cost of cable is high but is economical at long distances. Tough, hard cable is used for material transportation.
5.Arial Tramway
Aerial Tramway
The Aerial Tramway is a machine that hangs a bucket from the top of a wire rope between two pillars, carrying material to long-distance in the bucket.
4)Hoisting Equipment
hoisting equipment is one of the best heavy equipment used in construction.
Hoisting Equipment is classified as below.
Deric – Pole
Tower crane
Gin – Pole
Shear leg
Crane
Latice girder
Power-driven scotch derrick crane
Winches.
Hand operated crane
Bocks/ Jacks
Locomotive crane
Elevators
Gantry crane.
Ladders
Here I have shared photographs of the above types.
Deric – Pole
Tower crane
Gin – Pole
Shear leg
Winches.
Bocks/ Jacks
Locomotive crane
Elevators
5)Conveying Equipment’s
Conveying Equipment is classified as below…
1.Belt conveyors
2.Buckets
3.Chutes
4.Buggies
1.Belt Conveyors
Belt Conveyors
Belt conveyor is used to conveying sand, cement, grit, concrete, at a consistent rate. Belt conveyors are more convenient for long-haul freight. There are economical for large quantities and distance.
2.Bucket Conveyor
Bucket Conveyor
This type of conveyor is used to carry material horizontally and diagonally. The bucket is filled with one place (point feeding) or bucket Fill yourself up when going through the material. If the bucket is filled in manually, it is called drag feel.
3.Chutes
The chute is used for carrying concrete from high level to low level. The bottom should be round and its slope should be wide enough to allow the concrete to flow continuously without being concentrated.
4.Buggies
Buggies
Buggies are used for carrying concrete. It has a capacity of 4 to 9 cubic feet of concrete. A smooth road is required to operate it. Buggies walk by hand or motor.
6)Pumping Equipment
There are two types of pumps
1.Water pumps
2.Concrete pumps
1.Water Pumps
A pump is a device through which water (liquid) is in the pipeline flows or can be elevated.
Types of water pumps
1.1 Reciprocating pumps
Reciprocating pumps
This type of pump offers a constant discharge with changing heads. A piston operates in a cylindrical cell. From the forward stroke of the piston, it creates a vacuum in the cylinders so that it lifts water from the ground tank and delivery it to the overhead tank.
1.2 Centrifugal pump
Centrifugal pump
It is a device in which the fluid rises as the centrifugal force is generated by the wheel. This wheel is called an impeller. The water injected into the pump rotates very fast with the impeller and the water is thrown away by centrifugal force.
2.Concrete Pumps
Concrete Pumps
A concrete pump is used to transport concrete from one place to another with a pipe. In which steel pipe is used. The diameter of a steel pipe is 15 to 20 cm. Maximum Aggregate Size 7. This method is more convenient for tunneling lining.
7) Compacting Equipment
Compacting Equipment are classified as below
For earth compaction
Smooth Wheel Rollers
Sheep Foot Roller
Pneumatic Rollers
Grid roller
Tamping Roller
Vibrating roller
Vibrating plates
Vibratory compactors
for concrete compaction:
Internal vibrator
Surface vibrator
Platform vibrator
Form vibrator
For Earth Compaction:
1.Smooth Wheel roller
Smooth Wheel Rollers
These rollers can move back and forward without taking turns. These rollers are suitable for sand, gravel, broken rock, etc. Such rollers are useful for crushing highway base courses and for finishing clay surfaces.
2.Sheep foot roller
Sheep foot roller
This type of roller has a metal hollow cylindrical over which sheep legs of 0.2m length are fitted so that the process of kneading the soil during rolling is due to pressure from its sheep feet. The weight of dum is about 5 tons to 10 tons.
3.Pneumatic Rollers
Pneumatic Rollers
This type of roller varies from small size roller to 203 tonnes of capacity. This type of roller used for kneading action. This roller is useful for both cohesion-less sand and gravel as well as clay soil.
4. Vibrating Rollers
Vibrating Rollers
This type of roller produces vibrations in the upper layers of the soil so that the grains of soil is compacted.
For Concrete Compaction:
1)Internal Vibrator
Internal Vibrator
This vibrator is also called the Needle vibrator. Needle diameter varies from 20 to 75 mm and 25 cm to 90 cm in length. Such vibrators produce 7000 to 12000 vibrations per minute.
2.surface vibrator
This type of vibrator consists of one or two electric vibrating units mounted on a flat plate, this flat plate being placed on the surface of the concrete. The vibration of the plate produces vibration in the concrete below, such vibrators are used for structures such as concrete dams, retaining walls, bridge pillars, roads, etc.
3.Platform Vibrator (Table vibrator)
Platform Vibrator
This type of vibrator is fitted with a table. The article that is to be vibrated is placed on the table. Its used in testing units of concrete.
4.Form Vibrator
Form Vibrator
Form vibrator also called an external vibrator or shutter vibrator. Such vibrators are fitted with a clamp on the surface of the formwork. The vibration of the formwork causes the inside vibration of the concrete.
8)Pile driving equipment
Pile driving equipment is the biggest heavy equipment used in construction projects.
1. Pile frame 2.Pile hammer 3.leads 4.winches
1.Pile Frame
Pile Fame is used to keep the pile in the correct position. Pile frame is usually made of steel and it height is about 10m to 25m. Pile Frame should be lightweight.
2.Pile Hammer
Pile Hammer
Pile hammers are used to penetrate piles in the ground.
Type of pile hammer
Drop hammer
single-acting steam hammers
Double-acting steam hammers
Differential – acting steam hammers
Diesel hammers
Vibratory hammers
3.Leads
4.winch
winch
The winch is used to lift a hammer and pile. It is powered by steam, diesel engine or electric motor.
9) Machinery For Concrete Works
For batching and mixing of concrete following equipment is used. 1. Batch mix plant 2. Transit mixers
1.Batch mix plant
Batch mix plant
Batching is the process of gathering the required amount of material shocks, such as coarse aggregate (C A), fine aggregate (F A), cement, and water. Batcher is used for batching.
2.Transit mixers
Transit mixers
This type of mixer is used when delivering freshly mixed concrete from central batch and mixing plants to other locations. The fully mixed or partially mixed concrete is delivered to the site by a truck mixer To keep fully mixed concrete, the drum is rotated continuously, so that segregation does not take place.
10)Machineries For Bituminous Works
The main Equipment used for bituminous work is… 1.Batch type hot mix plant 2.Paver
1.Batch type hot mix plant
Batch type hot mix plant
This type of plant is used to obtain bituminous of high quality for large work. This is a modern type of plant. This type of plant is almost permanent.
2.Paver
Paver
Paver is used to achieving a clean, strong, and level surface of a bituminous road. The chamber of the paver accepts the quantity of asphalt concrete from the damper. The bottom of the chamber has a slot adjustable to accommodate the fixed thickness of asphalt concrete. Usually, the width of the paper is the same as the traffic lane. however, it has the capability to reduce it as needed.
11)Dredging Equipment
Dredging Equipment is used to remove soil, sediment, debris, etc. Which is deposited at the bottom of the sea, river, lake, canal, etc.
The different types of Dredging Equipments are as follows
This type of dredger consists of a continuous chain mounted on a ladder. Buckets are attached to the chain. As the chain is constantly rotating, the bucket is filled with mud. The mud is placed in a hopper which is placed in a ship.
2.Grab dredgers
Grab dredgers
In this type of dagger, a grab is hanged with a rope from a large pontoon. Grab is open in normal mode. It is lowered to the bottom of the water and inserted into the mud so that the sludge is filled with grabs. The grab is then closed and lifted with proper adjustment. The grab is operated by a crane. This type of dredger is used for cleaning sand, dirt, mud, etc.
3.Dipper dredgers
Dipper dredgers
It has a revolving boom fitted with a frame in a large pontoon. The dipper stick attaches boom and bucket. Dipper stick applies pressure on the bucket so that bucket will fill with soil/silt. This type of dredgers is useful for hard soil.
