Deep Foundation|Type Of Deep Foundation In Civil Engineering |2021|

let’s first discuss what is deep foundation ?

When depth of footing is larger then width of footing then this type of foundation are called deep foundation.

basically, there are three types of deep foundation,

pile foundation
cassions
cofferdams

In this article, we will study about pile Foundation in detail.

PILE FOUNDATION :

It is the type of deep foundation in which a long cylinder of different material like concrete,steel,timber etc are used.

Deep Foundation | Type of Deep Foundation In Civil Engineering |

Pile Foundation

Why we use Pile Foundation?

When safe bearing capacity of soil is not good.
When water table is at higher depth.
When there are no hard strata available at a lower depth.
When the dewatering for shallow footing is higher.
When their is very heavy load.
When foundation carrying nonuniform load.
When anchoring of structure is required.
To construct structure in marine area.

basically their are two type of pile base on load-bearing.

load-bearing pile
nonload bearing pile

1.Load bearing pile

this type of pile are used for transmit vertical load which is coming from above structure.

2.Non load-bearing pile

this type of pile are not designed for transmit vertical load . but it is used for another purpose like compaction of soil strata below ground.

Main Classification of Pile

base one function
base on material

1. Type of Pile Base On Function.

Pile are classified base on function as following manner,

Bearing Piles or End Bearing Piles
Friction Piles or Skin Friction Piles
Sheet Piles
Tension Piles or Uplift Piles
Anchor Piles
Batter Piles
Fender Piles
Compaction Piles

1. Bearing Piles or End Bearing Piles

End bearing piles are transmitting load by using the end component of the pile. in this type of pile, the base of the pile is rest on hard strata i.g. rock. the pile is driven up to hard strata. following are the pictures of end-bearing piles.

End Bearing Pile

2. Friction Piles or Skin Friction Piles

In this type of pile load is basically transform by skin friction of pile.

For increasing load-carrying capacity of pile follow things are follow

by increase diameter of pile.
by increase length of pile.
by reducing spacing between adjacent piles.
by making a pile of a rough surfaces.

Friction Pile

3. Sheet Piles

Sheet pile are not designed for taking vertical load but it is used retain soil/water as retraining wall.

Sheet piles

4. Tension pile/Uplift pile

This type of piles is used for anchoring structures with soil strata. This type of piles are used when their is high uplift pressure. When structure is tall due to wind pressure or earthquake or horizontal force structure try to overturn at ground level so it generates tensile stress in Foundation that why tension piles/Uplift piles are used for the resistance of the overturning of structure.

tension piles

5. Anchor piles

This type of piles are used for anchoring the structure against high lateral pulls.

Tension Pile/Anchor Pile

6. Batter piles

This type of piles are place inclide in ground to resist horizontal thrust which is product by structure.this type of piles are used in marine structures.

Batter Piles

7. Fender piles

This type of piles is used to protect waterfront structures or marine structures from the floating materials & impact of ships.

Fender Piles

8. Compaction pile

This type of pile are not used for carrying vertical load , but it is used for increasing bearing capacity of soil strata.

Compaction Piles

2. Type of pile Foundation base on materials

Following are the type of pile Foundation base on material of pile.

1.concrete pile
2.steel pile
3.timber pile
4.composite pile
5.sand pile

So lets we discuss one by one,

1. Concrete Pile

In this type of pile concrete/reinforced concrete is used as material. This type of piles are strong,durable and economical also. this type of piles are widely used in construction field.

Type of concrete piles
1.pre cast piles
2.prestress piles
3.cast in situ piles

1. Precast piles

This type of pile is casted on factories and they are transported on-site. this type of pile is readymade available. this type of piles are carried out on construction site and then using pile driving equipment this type of piles are driven.
The shape of the pile may be square, rectangular, circular.

Precast piles

2.Prestress piles

In this type of piles stressed reinforcement are used.stress in reinforcement is developed by applying opposite direction force on ends of reinforcements.
This type of piles are strong but costly also.

Deep Foundation|Type of Deep Foundation In Civil Engineering |2021|

Prestress Piles

3. Cast in situ piles

This type of piles are also widely used. In this piles are made on construction site.

Following steps are carried out.
1.boring of pile hole.
2.making reinforcement cage.
3.lowering reinforcement cage.
4.concreting of pile hole.

Cast in situ Piles

Quality of this type of piles are depend open quality of concrete and quality of workers.

2. Steel piles

In this type of pile steel section are used for vertical load transportation. The following sections are widely used

1.box section
2.H section
3.Tube section

H-Steel Piles

Box Steel Piles

Tube Steel Piles

This type of section are penetrated by heavy load or driving equipment.

3. Timber piles

In this type of pile timber as a material is used. At the bottom of the pile steel shoe is provided to easily driving of pile.

Timber Piles

4. Composite piles

In this type of pile, two or more than two materials are used.
For example, concrete+timber…means the advantage of durable concrete and the cheapness of timber is taken.

Composite Pile

5. Sand Piles

In this pile, sand is used as basic material. And at the top of sand pile plug of concrete is provided. Sand is compacted by hammering.

Sand Piles

I will make saperate article on Cassions and Cofferdam because It’s been too long.

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